Internal-combustion engine.



J. E. FRIEND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILED AUG.2"!, 1912. 1,101,;794. Patented June 30, 19m

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

|NVENTOR.

J. EFRIEN D. Q

J. E. FRIEND. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION TILED AUG. 27, 1912.

Patented June 30, 1914.

8 SHEETSBHEBT 2.

INVENTOR.

JLFRIEND.

{ YATTORNEY:

I. E. FRIEND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

j v APPLIOATION FILED AUG.27, 1912.

1,101,794., Patented June 30,1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

lNVE-NTOR.

J. E.FRIEND.

l-' I ATTORNEY.

J. E. FRIEND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27, 1912.

Patented June 30, 1914.

6 SHEETSSHEET 4.

INVENTOR.

WITN assEs;

JEFRIEND.

TTORN av.

J. E. FRIEND. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG.27, 1912.

5 V! Wm M ,E ,3 N w R N 0 H E T. HE V T ufl m ,A Me n 9 b a P Y B 5 5 H 4 9 r, m

9 E 1 w 0 E .N/ 1 W F 1 W J. E. FRIEND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27, 1912.

Patented June 30,

6 SHEETSSHEET 6.

PIE. 7. FIG. 3-

WITN B55551 INVENTER.

J E, FRIEND ATTbR N EV JOHN EDWARD FRIEND, 0F BROOKLYN, AUCKLAND, ZEALAND, ASSIGNOB 0F SEVEN THIRTY-SECONDS 'IO WILLIAM FENWIGK MOALL'UM, SEVEN .TI-IIRTY- SECONDS T0 WILLIAM CHICK PHILLIPS, AND TWO THIRTY-SECONDS TO DOUGLAS ROLLO REVELD, ALL OF AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND;

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 33, 191%.

lb all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN E WARD FRIEND, a citizen of the Dominion of New Zealand, and resident of Brooklyn, in the Provincial District of Auckland, in the Dominion of New Zealand, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rotary engines which are operated by the firing of an explosive mixture and provides improved means which are detailed in the following specification.

More particularly. my invention relatesto that class of rotary engines in which a cylinder has an annular chamber fitted with a piston adapted to revolve in the said annular chamber. In this class of turbines it is necessary to provide means for forming an explosion inclosure or chamber, the said means being movable to allow the piston to pass in its revolution. invention this movable means comprises a tongue which is operated by a cam. andthe engine, and having its tongue operatedby a cam and lever, but reversely as regardsthe turbine, by means of toothed quadrants. The explosive mixture is drawn by the pump from a carburetor and delivered through a passageway to'acombustion cham- 'ber upon the turbine, non+retur-n valves being provided in-the said passage way. A valve in the combustion chamber opens to allow the explosive force-to operate in the explosion inclosure or chamber. A piston upon the spindle of the said val-vehas a diameter larger than thesaid valve andis exposed to the explosive force, thus assisting the operating of": the valve by means of a lever, spring operated rod and cam.

For the. purpose of an detailed: description, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, iniwhich Figure 1', is a longitudinalsectional elevation of the turbine and pump. 'Fig. 2/, is an elevationof the end of the turbine.- Fig.3, is-an elevation of the end of: the. pump. Fig.

According to my- 4, is a cross sectional elevation of the engine on lin AA, Fig. 1. Fig.5, is a cross sectional elevation of the pump on line B-B, Fig. 1. Fig. 6, is a plan of the engine and pump. Fig. 7, is a perspective viewv of a tongue, andFig. 8, a perspective view of a piston packing strip.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly, Figs. 1,2 and 4, the engine cylinder proper 1 has a water jacket 2 and annular chamber 3 fitted with a piston 4 integral wit-h or mounted upon a disk 5. A partition 6 divides and is common to" the engine and the pump 7, and a disk 5 which is fixed to the main shaft 8 rotates between 7 the annular wall 9 integral with the partition 6 and an annular wall 10 integral with the cover 11. Packing rings 12 and 13, op-

erated by springs 14 and 15 respectively, make tight joints between the walls 9 and 10 and the disk 5. Tight joints between the piston 4 and the partition 6 and wall 9, and between the cover 11 and the wall 10 are made by the packing strips 18 and 19 respectively. Water to' the jacket 2 is admitted through a boss 2 and is discharged through another boss 2". These packing strips are kept up to their work by the force of the explosive mixture, holes 20, 21, 22 and 23 forming passages through which the explosive force can act. I A tongue 25 shown clearly in Fig. 7 is fixed upon a rocking shaft 26 and a tight joint is made with the-said tongue by means of a packing strip 28 and springs 30.. Re-

cesses 25* formed in the annular walls 9 and 10 form a bed wherein the tongue 25 Tests and makes a tight joint, a recess 25 in the tongue- 25 admitting the rim of the disk 5.

Bhe waste gases from the chamber 3pass away throu'gh, an exhaust passage 31 at the back of the tongue 25, being expelled by a piston l.

A combustion chamber 32 mounted upon the turbine has a water jacket 33. Water is admitted to the jacket through a boss 33 and discharged through a boss 33. The chamber 32 communicates with the annular chamber 3 by a passage 34 at: the front of the tongue 25. A valve 35, adapted to close the passage 34-, has a spindle 36-pr'ovided with I a piston 37 of larger diameter than the said valve, 'llhe spindle 36 continues beyond the to the chamber 3 by a nozzle 62, and has the piston 37, passes through a cover 40, and is provided with collars 41 and 42. A light spring 43 assists in returning the valve 35 to its sea-t.

A lever. 44 fulcruined by a pin 45 to a bracket 46 has a loop 47 which passes upon the spindle 36, and is engaged by the collars 41 and 42. The other end of the lever 44 is attached to a rod 48passing through guides 49 and 50, and is provided with a spring 51 in compression between thebracket 49 and the collar 5-2, fixed to the said rod 48. The roller 53; mounted upon the rod 48, rests upon a cam 54 fixed to the main shaft 8, the rotation of which operates the rod 48, the lever 44 and the valve 35. A second cam 55, fixed to the main shaft 8, operates a rocking lever 56 fulcrumed upon a pin 57 projecting from the cover 11, A roller 59 reduces the friction of the cam 55. The other end of the lever 56 is pivoted by a pin 60 to an arm 61 fixed to the shaft 26. The return stroke of the lever 56 is effected by a fiat spring 64, which is fixed at one end to a stud 63 secured to the lever 56. The other end of the spring fits in a groove formed diametrically through a pin 57.

Water-in the form of spray is admitted effect of cooling the cylinder and by expanding imparts an impulse to the piston Referring now to Figs. 1, 3 and 5 which refer more particularly to the pump, the annular chamber 65 is fitted with a piston 66 mounted upon a disk 67 which rotates between annular walls 68 and 69 integral with the partition 6 and the cover 70 respectively. Packing rings 12 and 13 and springs 14 and 15 similar to the rings and springs used in the engine cylinder are em ployed to make tight joints between the I walls 68 and 69 and the disk 67 also. Pack- 'ing strips 18 and 19 similar to the strips used in the engine piston have holes 20, 21, 22and 23 through which the compressed explosive mixture acts. Theitongue 1.71 fixedz.

upon a shaft 72 is operated by'a cam 73, fixed to the main shaft 8, and by a rocking l v r 74 mounted upon a pin 75. A roller 76 reduces the friction of the cam 73. The other end of the lever is provided with a quadrant rack 80 which gears with a toothed pinion or quadrant 81 fixed to the shaft 72. The return stroke of the lever is effected by the spring 77. which is. fixed at one end to a stud 78 secured to the lever 74. The

. other end of the spring fits in a groove formed diametrically through the pin 75. A packing strip 28 and springs 30 similar to the strip and springs used in the engine cylinder are employed to make a tight joint with the tongue 71. A passage way. 82 leads from the chamber 65 to a carbureter not shown on the drawings. The passageway 83 leads from the chamber 65 to the combustion chamber 32. The said passageway 83 is iprovided near the pump with a non-return valve 85 and near the chamber32 with another non-return valve 86. The said valves are operated by springs 87 and 88 respectively. The said valves prevent return of the explosive mixture from the combustion chamber 32 and prevent firing back.

The sparkingplug for firing the explosive mixture comprises a nickel rod 90 (see Fig. 4) passing through an insulation plug 91, and held in a socket 92 by means of a screw cap 93, the said socket 92 being fixed to the chamber 32 by screws 94. Terminals of nickel wire 95 and 96 are fixed to the socket 92 and project at right angles toward the nickel rod 90. Wires 97 and 98 connect the rod 90 and the socket 92 to an ordinary commutator for making and breaking the current. Y A tap 100 has a nozzle 101 projecting into the passageway 83. The tap is connected to an oil supply so that by opening the said tap an extra supply of oil can be supplied and driven by the action of the pump into the combustion chamber.

In operation the explosive mixture drawn by the pump piston 66 through the passage way 82 from the carburetor (see Fig. 5) is compressed between the said piston 66 and the tongue 71. The compressed mixture lifts the valves 85 and 86, passes into the combustion chamber 32 where it is fired by the sparking plug,'at the same time the cam 54 lifts the valve 35, the explosive force against the piston 37 assisting in the raising the said Valve 35. The cam 54 holds the valve 35 raised during the greater part of revolution of the piston 4. At the time 'of the explosion the tongue 25 and the piston 4 are in the positions shown in Fig. 4, the snace inclosed by the said tongue, piston and the cylinder forming the explosion inclosure or chamber from which the gases act upon the piston 4, and rotate the disk 5 and shaft 8. Thecam 55- is set upon theashaft 8 to rock the lever 56 in the direction shown by the arrow (see Fig. 2) to the position shown by the dotted line at the correct period of time to allow the piston 4 to pass during its -rotation, and slmilarly the cam 73 isfso set upon the said shaft 8 that the tongue 71 (see Fig. 5) is raised to allow the piston 66 to pass during its rotation. The tongues 25 and 71 close immediately after the piston in each case has passed.

What I do claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 7 1. Apparatus of the kind described comprising engine and pump cylinders, a partition common to the said cylinders and having annular walls, covers to the turbine and gum having annular walls, a main shaft fj' 'fsmg throughthe covers and partition, isks fixed to the shaft and rotating between the annular walls, pistons fixed to the disks and revoluble in the cylinders, tongues controlling theannular piston chambers, cams on the main shaft, levers actuated inone direction by the cams and returned to initial position by resilient means, one lever controlling one of said tongues, the other controlling the other tongue, as set forth.

2. Apparatus of the kind described, comprising an engine cylinder having an annular chamber, a pump cylinder having an annular chamber, a main shaft passing through both" cylinders, disks fixed to the said shafts, pistons integral with the disks and revoluble in the said annularchambers, tongues pivoted in the annular chambers, a cam fixed to the main shaft, a rocking. lever operated by the cam, sha'fts to which the tongues are fixed, an arm on the shaft of the motor tongue pivoted to the rocking lever, means for operating the tongue of the pump chamber, a combustion chamber in communication with the annular chamber and means for igniting the explosive fluid in the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. Apparatus of the kind described, comprising an engine cylinder having an annular chamber, a pump cylinder having an annular chamber, a main shaft passing through both cylinders, disks fixed to the said shafts, pistons integral with the disks and revoluble in the said annular chambers, tongues pivoted in the annular chambers, a cam fixed to the main shaft, a rocking lever operated by the cam, a quadrant upon the end of the rocking lever, shafts to which the tongues are fixed, a segment of a gear on the shaft of the pump tongue gearing with the said quadrant, means for operating the tongue of the engine chamber, a combustion chamber in communication with the annular chambers of the engine and pump cylinders, and means for igniting the explosive in the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my 'name to this specification in the presence of FRIEND. 

